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Amalgam used in CFL with cover

1. Bi-Pb-Sn-4.5 used in sphere bulk spiral lamps to take the place of the traditional Bi-In-Hg amalgam.

Amalgam(Type) Lit time(h) The lamp cap φ(Lm) The average φ(Lm) Power P(W) η(Lm/w) Ra- color rendering index(Ra) Color temperature(K) SDCM
Bi-In-Hg (home made) 5h Up 494 464 9.1 54.29 82.6 2767 4.1
5h Down 434 8.8 49.32 82.8 2760 4.3
100h Up 488 470 9.0 54.22 82.5 2766 4.3
100h Down 451 8.9 50.67 82.7 2756 4.0
Bi-Pb-Sn-4.5 5h Up 529 524 8.7 60.80 81.8 2815 5.9
5h Down 518 9.4 55.11 82.4 2784 4.5
100h Up 506 506 8.6 58.84 81.3 2839 6.7
100h Down 506 9.3 54.41 82.5 2777 4.4
Note: the data of the UP and DOWN is the average value of 6 lamps　

The advantage of the Bi-Pb-Sn-4.5 to take the place of the Bi-In-Hg amalgam：
1. To improve the average luminous flux and luminous efficiency when the lamp is lit with the lamp cap up and down;
2. To improve the consistency of the luminous flux for the luminous flux is always near the maximum value when the lamp is lit with cap up and down;
3. The cost of Bi-Pb-Sn-4.5 is lower than that of Bi-In-Hg amalgam;

2. Bi-Pb-Sn -3.5 used in sphere covered spiral lamps to take the place of a home made i-In-Hg amalgam.

Amalgam(Type) Lit time (h) The lamp cap φ(Lm) The average φ(Lm) Power P(W) η(Lm/w) Ra-color rendering index(Ra) Color temperatue(K) SDCM
Bi-In-Hg (home made) 5h Up 788 689 14.4 54.72 79.3 2850 5.8
5h Down 590 15.6 44.23 82.0 2704 2.3
100h Up 827 773 14.3 57.83 78.9 2860 6.3
100h Down 718 15.5 46.32 81.8 2705 2.9
Bi-Pb-Sn-3.5 5h Up 803 809 14.6 55.00 79.8 2832 5.0
5h Down 815 16.0 50.94 81.3 2733 1.5
100h Up 842 857 14.1 59.79 79.5 2832 5.3
100h Down 872 16.0 54.50 81.2 2729 2.1
Note: the data of the UP and DOWN is the average value of 6 lamps

The advantage of the Bi-Pb-Sn-3.5 to take the place of the Bi-In-Hg amalgam：
1. To improve the average luminous flux and luminous efficiency when the lamp is lit with the lamp cap up and down;
2. To improve the consistency of the luminous flux for the luminous flux is always near the maximum value when the lamp is lit with cap up and down;
3. The cost of Bi-Pb-Sn-3.5 is lower than that of Bi-In-Hg amalgam;

3. Bi-In-5 used in reflector covered spiral lamps (14W) to take the place of the traditional Bi-In-Hg amalgam (85℃).

Amalgam(Type) φ(Lm) Power P(W) η(Lm/w) Ra-color rendering index (Ra) Color temperature (K) SDCM
Bi-In-Hg(85℃) 719 14.2 50.68 81.4 2787 3.3
Bi-In-5 742 14.3 51.90 81.3 2799 3.9
Note: the data above is of the average value of 6 lamps.
The advantage of the Bi-In-5 to take the place of the traditional Bi-In-Hg amalgam：
1. To improve the average luminous flux, the luminous efficiency and the homogeneity of the lamp when the amalgam temperature is in the range from 100 ℃ to 110 ℃;
2. The melting temperature of Bi-In-5 is slightly higher than that of traditional Bi-In-Hg amalgam;

4. In-Pb-4 used in reflector covered spiral lamps (23W) to take the place of home made Bi-In-Hg amalgam(95℃) and one of the imported Bi-In-Hg（3.5％）amalgam.

Amalgam(Type) φ(Lm) Power P(W) η(Lm/w) Ra-color rendering index (Ra) Color temperature (K) SDCM
Bi-In-Hg (imported) 1113 24.0 46.38 82.1 2652 6.1

Bi-In-Hg ( home made)

 1106 23.0 48.09 81.8 2680 6.0
In-Pb-4 1151 24.0 48.03 82.0 2674 5.6
Note: the data above is of the average value of 6 lamps.
The advantage of the In-Pb-4 to take the place of the traditional Bi-In-Hg amalgam：
1. To improve the average luminous flux, the luminous efficiency and the homogeneity of the lamp when the amalgam temperature is in the range from 100 ℃ to 130 ℃;
2. The melting temperature of Bi-In-4 is slightly higher than that of the traditional Bi-In-Hg amalgam;
The disadvantage of the In-Pb-4 to take the place of the traditional Bi-In-Hg amalgam:
1. The climbing time of the light output for Bi-In-4 is longer than that of the traditional Bi-In-Hg amalgam;
2. The cost of the In-Pb-4 is higher than that of the traditional Bi-In-Hg amalgam;

5. In-Pb-4 used in T3 spiral lamps(23W) to take the place of a home made Bi-In-Hg(3.5%) amalgam.

Amalgam(Type) 0h 100h 500h 1000h
PowerP(W) φ(Lm) Power P(W) φ(Lm) Power P(W) φ(Lm) Power P (W) φ (Lm)

1000h Light decay (%)


Bi-In-Hg (home made)		 22.8 993.4 22.90 970.0 22.7 944.9 23.10 723.5 27.17%
21.3 850.5 21.80 868.0 21.3 858.9 21.40 829 2.53%
21.6 964.7 21.60 935.4 21.3 919.7 21.40 891.7 7.57%
23.0 902.2 22.80 843.4 22.5 758.5 22.60 693.5 23.13%
Average 22.2 927.7 22.28 904.2 22.0 870.5 22.13 784.43 15.44%
In-Pb-4 23.1 1022.4 21.20 950.4 21.0 947.2 20.90 930.9 8.95%
21.8 931.2 21.00 922.0 20.7 901.2 21.10 864.5 7.16%
23.1 1054.8 22.30 1015.0 22.3 994.2 22.90 980.2 7.07%
Average 22.6 1002.8 21.50 962.5 21.3 947.5 21.63 925.2 7.73%
The advantage of the In-Pb-4 to take the place of the traditional Bi-In-Hg amalgam：
1. To improve the average luminous flux, the luminous efficiency and the homogeneity of the lamp when the amalgam temperature is in the range from 100 ℃ to 130 ℃;
2. The melting temperature of Bi-In-4 is higher than that of the traditional Bi-In-Hg.（Referring to the graph, the melting temperature of the homemade Bi-In-Hg is low. When the lamp is lighting most of Bi-In-Hg is melted and drops into the lamp tube, so that it causes the deterioration of the photoelectric parameter.) ;
The disadvantage of the In-Pb-4 to take the place of the traditional Bi-In-Hg amalgam:
1. The climbing time of the light output for Bi-In-4 is longer than that of the traditional Bi-In-Hg amalgam;
2. The cost of the In-Pb-4 is higher than that of the traditional Bi-In-Hg amamlgam;